Philokalia is the Greek term for an anthology. Nowadays, the Philokalia virtually invariably refers to a collection of Byzantine ascetically texts published in Venice in 1782 by Saint Macarius of Corinth and Saint Nikodemos of the Holy Mountain, although there is another famous Philokalia, of extracts from Origen, mostly on the problem of free will and the interpretation of the Scriptures, composed 358 by Saint Basil the Great and Saint Gregory the Theologian.

The 18th-century Philokalia is a collection of texts from the 4th to the 14th centuries.